Control y eliminación de la malaria

Control and prevention of dengue (Aedes aegypti) and malarial (Anopheles stephensi) vectors

Abstract

Imran Ahmed, Shabab Nasir, Farhat Jabeen and Faisal Hafeez

Mosquitoes act as life threatening disease vectors. Due to non-availability of vaccine and treatment for most of these diseases, the only solution is to control the mosquitoes. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance (in vector species), biological magnification (of toxic substances through the food chain) and adverse effects (on environmental quality and non-target organisms including human health). So, under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis is given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control such as use of selective insecticides, plant extracts and Bti. During the current study, plant samples were collected from Faisalabad for oil and aqueous extraction. Mosquito larvae were collected from different habitats such as industrial, non-industrial area, sewage, pond, fields and land water and brought to Government College University, Faisalabad for rearing and identification. After identification, Aedes mosquitoes were reared and treated with different plant extracts, growth regulators and Bti. Six concentrations of each treatment were applied against 2nd and 3rd instars larvae. The data was collected to check knock down affect after 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 hours respectively. The data was analyzed through ANOVA to find significant factors (plant extracts, synthetic insecticides and Bti) contributing for mortality. After screening experiments, different significant oil and water extracts, insecticides and Bti were tested in combination to test their efficacy against Aedes larvae. Again mortality data was collected and subjected to probit analysis to calculate LC50. In the mixing trials, the highest (100%) mortality was observed with those solution having insecticides and Bti. The least value of LC50 (1.3-40 ppm) and LT50 (0.35-0.83hrs) was observed with solution of ether extracts, Bti and insecticides for Aedes larvae. We need to adopt advanced techniques for dengue vector control such as application of significant plant extracts, significant insecticides and Bti for excellent and sustainable control. By adopting these techniques we should able to manage the populations of Aedes in the environment.