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Real−World Data Incorporation in Cost−Effectiveness Analysis: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

John Ray

The global pharmaceutical industry plays a pivotal role in improving human health and extending life expectancy. However, alongside its significant contributions, it faces a pervasive and complex challenge - counterfeit pharmaceuticals. Counterfeit drugs are fake or fraudulent products that are intentionally misrepresented as genuine medications. This phenomenon poses grave risks to public health, undermines patient trust, and burdens healthcare systems. To address this issue, drug control authorities play a crucial role in safeguarding public health by implementing regulations, conducting inspections, and collaborating with various stakeholders. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals encompass a broad range of products, including medications with incorrect ingredients, insufficient active ingredients, or even toxic substances. These counterfeit drugs often target high-demand and high-cost medications, such as those for chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. The allure of financial gains and the complexity of the pharmaceutical supply chain contribute to the proliferation of counterfeit drugs.

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