Emprendimiento y Gestión de Organizaciones

For entrepreneurs, financial adversity is one of the most dominant causes of stress. Such entrepreneurial adversity can, on the one hand, lead to successful coping or, on the other hand, to maladaptive coping, helplessness, and desperation. In this study, author explores locus of control as psychological capital that contributes to entrepreneurial resilience in the face of prolonged economic adversity. Findings from a sample of 135 entrepreneurs show that entrepreneurial adversity is negatively associated with job satisfaction and self-reported health. Secondly, results reveal a significant moderating effect of locus of control on the adversity-well-being relationship.

This paper intends to provide a conceptual theoretical discussion of the critical importance of education, on the evolutionary development of organisational, business and management behaviour. This paper aims to demonstrate why the challenge of producing the correct research design methodology, needs to be met.

This conceptual paper posits that education is crucial in enabling people to make informed decisions, when they interact with the business community. Due to the global financial crisis, critical issues which affect organisational evolution have resurfaced, e.g. corporate social responsibility (CSR), governance and accountability. These key issues are more easily understood, if people are educated, enabled to critically evaluate an organisation’s policies and procedures.

This paper sheds light on the role of religion as a separated institutional logic on firm behavior and performance, particularly in the context of corporate development strategies and decision making. We argue that religiosity in a firm’s environment influences decision making of organizations when initiating and evaluating corporate development strategies and hence leading to uneven distribution of economic activity. We focus on leveraged buyouts (LBOs) an important strategic initiative associated with high levels of perceived risk from increased financial leverage, a drastic change in governance structure, and potential conflicts between stakeholders. We contend that local religiosity reduces the likelihood of LBO transactions that nonetheless creates a favorable selection process resulting in a lower rate of LBO bankruptcies. We find results supporting our predictions in a unique sample of 4,633 US buyouts in 1980-2003.

Global supply chains bring jobs and opportunities to developing regions but also can cause problematic impacts to businesses, governments, communities, and environments where production occurs, such as the deforestation occurring in the Amazon. Innovative strategies are being developed in response to these challenges. This case study examines how an international agriculture corporation (Cargill), collaborated with local farmers, farmers union, government agencies, and an international environmental organization (The Nature Conservancy) to innovate solutions to deforestation in Brazil caused by soybean production. Collaborators developed and delivered a program that increased soybean production and decreased deforestation. They did so by making compliance with existing laws financially feasible, easily monitored, evenly enforced, and reliably rewarded.

Governments around the world have invested significant sums of money on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of services being provided to their citizens. However, they have not achieved the desired results because of the lack of interoperability between different government entities. Therefore, many governments have started shifting away from the original concept of e-Government towards a much more transformational approach that encompasses the entire relationship between different government departments and users of public services, which can be termed as transformational government (t- Government). In this paper a model is proposed for governing factors that impact the implementation of t- Government such as strategy, leadership, stakeholders, citizen centricity and funding in context of Saudi Arabia. Five constructs are hypothesised to be related to implementation of t-Government. To clarify the relationships among these constructs, a structural equation model (SEM) is utilised to examine the model fit with the five hypotheses. The results show that there are positive and significant relationships among the constructs such as the relationships between strategy and t-Government; the relationships between stakeholders and t-Government; the relationships between leadership and t-Government. This study also showed insignificant relationship between citizens’ centricity and t-Government and also insignificant relationship between funding and t-Government.

Complementing to the inferences of previous research, this paper seeks to investigate the moderating impact on the relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and venture growth. This study conducted as a cross sectional survey and utilized the sample frame of the registry of Small Enterprises Development Division, Sri Lanka. 317 entrepreneurs were captured from varied districts of Sri Lanka and the data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The assessment of the moderating effects was subjected to multi-group analysis and the moderation effect was observed in the Chi-Square difference test. Findings of the study revealed that, EO acts as a predictor of venture growth suggesting a direct positive relationship. EO-growth relationship is strengthening under a low power distant organization. Uncertainty and ambiguity an entrepreneur faces is also weaken the relationship of EO-growth. Finally, individualism weakens the relationship of EO-growth.

Advertising has become an essential marketing activity in the modern consumer world. Organizations rely heavily on advertising to draw consumer attention to their market offering. Besides being a profit making gizmo at the hands of marketers, advertising also plays an important role in influencing social attitudes and moral standards. However, today’s ad world has been less sensitive towards health of the moral fabric of society and has been accused by many for objectifying women. Unfortunately, women have been transformed into commodities to be marketed. Commodification of women has been happening at a subliminal level. This paper examines how advertising transforms manifold attitudes towards women turning them into mere objects to be looked at. The paper also aims to highlight the arguments ethicists have given against using a woman’s body and desirability to sell various products. They also warn that this kind of portrayal can have serious repercussions for the society, as it strongly influences how women are being viewed.

High-technology enterprises are increasingly developing their technological advantages in foreign countries. In doing so, they need to make the decision whether to organize the R and D activity inside the organization or outside through alliance. The perceived assumption suggests that technological complexity dictates the internal organization of the R and D activity. However, emerging evidence suggests that technological complexity induces external alliance for the transformation of the organizational knowledge to new product. We test this proposition that there is a positive correlation between technological complexity and the external alliance of the firm. The hypotheses find support that complexities of (i) Scale, (ii) Scope, (iii) Intra-clusters and (iv)Inter-cluster of the patent claims predict external alliance. However, the odds of the external alliance are not in a linear manner. Rather, the odds of these predictors are high, low and high again. The article discusses theoretical and practical implications.

SMEs engage in projects which includes innovations, new product development, product improvement and implementations of new processing technology. SMEs in Nigeria face challenges that hinder their projects such as Organizational Structure, Finance, Project Management Knowledge and Environment. This research examines the problems that confront SMEs to effectively manage projects. The research also examines the relationship between failures of SMEs and undertaken SMEs projects in Nigeria and proffers solutions to surmount the associated problems failures of SMEs and their undertaken projects.

This paper proposes a theory of whether, and under what circumstances, human resource practices aimed at creating high levels of aggregate employee motivation can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Drawing on the received literature in social psychology, it develops a three-dimensional conceptual framework of antecedents and consequences of employee motivation in an organizational setting. It determines that human resource practices that generate and capture superior levels of motivation rents can also generate sustainable competitive advantage, despite competitive pressures, when they are sufficiently tacit, causally ambiguity, and context specific.

This study examined the linkages between entrepreurial outlook and business initiatives of restaurant operators. The five multidimensional constructs of entrepreneurial orientation were adapted to measure the entrepreneurial outlook, while the business initiatives were measured based on the frequent development of new products, new services and new business venturing.

The study employed census approach and self-administered questionnaires in collecting data from 41 registered restaurant operators located in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Descriptive, correlation and Chi-Square were the statistical tools used. The findings indicate that the restaurant operators demonstrated a somewhat high entrepreneurial outlook. However, they do not develop business initiatives regularly. Again, significant association existed between the dimensions of entrepreneurial outlook and business initiatives. The study therefore concludes that a high entrepreneurial inclination will propel the frequent development of business initiatives. The restaurant operators must therefore attend periodic workshops to be abreast of current knowledge, they must be involved with every aspect of the restaurant business with complete professionalism. They must create an encouraging work environment, care for customers and must get to know their regular customers by their names, favourite dishes and drinks.

This conceptual article analyzes and connects theory to the practice of a novel inter-organizational form we call the transient collaboration network or TCN approach. Field observations in China suggest that emerging entrepreneurs enter into collaborations with supply chain partners under very different mindsets regarding interorganizational relationships, trust, collaboration and long-term expectations from traditional supply network practices. Briefly, these organizations cannot themselves build all resources needed for competitive advantages in volatile business environments. These entrepreneurs develop the TCN approach to allow their organizations to achieve full potential to locate and access the right resources at the right time through trusted collaborations in these dynamic or turbulent business environments. This paper analyzes principles that govern TCN interactions through the lens of Structural Contingency Theory, as extended to the inter-organizational level. Propositions explain how relations between structures and contingencies affect inter-organizational collaborative performances, and suggest how the TCN approach may be applicable to supply chain networks in general.