Emprendimiento y Gestión de Organizaciones

This article takes a closer look at entrepreneurial intentions among informants who had gone through a business closure process. Our interest was to understand better those ex-entrepreneurs who stated that they had no desire to start a business again. Business closure process is challenging at best, but it can also be a highly taxing and exhausting experience to the entrepreneur. We used bivariate analysis and logistic regression models to analyse and compare the data. Our analysis revealed that a total of 15% of entrepreneurs run a business after a genuine business closure whereas over half (51%) of interviewed entrepreneurs have business intentions and could imagine starting a business again. Those with no entrepreneurial intentions (32%) could be classified further into four groups: novice entrepreneurs operating in the service sector in rural locations who closed down their business after confidential discussions with other entrepreneurs (10% of those with negative entrepreneurial intentions), novice entrepreneurs with high basic education operating in central areas (26%, entrepreneurs with low level of education and networking activity, in manufacturing and operating in rural locations without any chance to avoid the firm clo-sure (26%), and most experienced, older entrepreneurs operating in non-rural locations (38%). Most of all, we should worry about the know-how and quality of experiences of entrepreneurs in the closure process as ideally they could be used to benefit both nascent and existing entrepreneurs. More generally, our results indicate that business closures can be associated with entrepreneurial learning, where the individual keeps the costs of learning low, while acquiring new knowledge and skills that can be utilized in new entrepreneurial action. Some policy implications also emerged.

Transactional leadership ensures an unhealthy/antagonistic leader-follower relationship. Most African governments are personal ruler ship, military dictatorship or fragile democracies. The ‘will’ of the people and ultimate sovereignty of the people have become a myth. The transactional leader turns his entire state into a machine for his own profit and that of a few friends, His thoughts lack objectivity and intellectual rig our at critical moments and incline his fledgling state to disorderly growth and mental deficiency. This sophistication of criminality and production of aggressive millineries is sustained because Africa has a very high rate of illiteracy of about 80%. They live in the rural areas, engage in subsistence farming, petty trading and local handcraft and picking of minerals on the ground. Its rudimentary background in science and technology produces an uneven process in its participation in Economic globalization. This fosters a structure of dependence of African nations on the industrial nations. This can only be overcome by a qualitative change in their internal structures and external relations, “like investing in a healthy well-fed literate population” and development of indigenous technology advancement. Unfortunately the people are considered as victims or even opponents of Government. The paper advocates for transformational leadership in all global states like Christ-Apostle transformational partnership uplifting “servants” to “Friends” of God the Father (John, 15:15). Common humanity will begin to enjoy a progressive partnership from leader-follower, follower-leader through feedback process to moral exemplar-upcoming leaders in designs environment that demands innovation and promotes entrepreneurial activity for the prosperity of all mankind.

Entrepreneurship development and its impact on SMEs in developing countries; the study sets out to accomplish the objectives which were to: ascertain why Nigerian government ignored the human capital development of its citizens find out why Nigerian government silent on the misuse of public funds appropriated development of SMEs. The study used secondary sources. The findings were that: refusal to develop its citizens yielded huge idle fund. Section 308 of 1999 CFRN empowers the President or Vice President, Governor or Deputy Governor misuse it without consequence in law in Section 65 of 1999 CFRN-“up to at least school certificate or its equivalent” mediocre members of the National Assembly. Based on these findings the following recommendations were made that: Nigerian should be transformed into literate citizens to enable them become innovative entrepreneurs. The educational standard –for membership of National Assembly of Nigeria should read a good degree from a recognized university to qualify them as effective participants in global politics and economy. Every Nigerian in official or personal capacity should live under the Rule of Law.

Social entrepreneurship involves social value creation activities and like many change-oriented activities does not take place in a vacuum. Rather, it develops within a complex context of political, economic, and social changes and on the local and global levels. Although, some countries have introduced laws for social supports, they are inefficient and unpractical and there are still many obstacles in the path of social entrepreneurs that need to be dealt with.

Therefore, the present research seeks to answer the following question: what are the barriers to entrepreneurship in Iran? For this purpose, the qualitative research method has been employed using the Grounded Theory method. Moreover, explorative interviews were conducted with 15 key experts who had biological and practical experiences related to the research subject.

The pattern derived from the current research shows that the main obstacle that hinders the development of social entrepreneurship is the attenuation of individuals’ active participation in altruistic social responsibilities which is due to contextual factors and causative relationships. However, social responsibility can be fostered in individuals by implementing a series of initiatives and strategies, as a result of which, entrepreneurial activities begin to develop.

This research article examines the importance of CRM in creating a sustainable relationship between customers and commercial banks in Nigeria. The study investigates customers perceptions of CRM practices of selected commercial banks in Edo State, Nigeria; relationship between the customers perception and attitude of customers towards CRM practices of banks in Nigeria; impact of customer help desk of selected banks on customers perception of banks in Nigeria; and the relationship between the CRM practices and attitude of the customers towards factors contributing to services quality. For the purpose of this current study, a sampling survey was conducted among 120 customers of selected commercial banks in Nigeria namely Fist Bank Nigeria Limited, Skye Bank and EcoBank, Nigeria with the help of a structured questionnaire. The tools used for this study are Percentage analysis and Chi – Square test. The study shows effective CRM practices can lead to confidence in the formal banking sector given the cultural perceptions of banks in Nigeria and the wide spread practices of the Esusu which is a traditional method of saving money adopted by millions of Nigerians. Also, the study reveals that commercial banks can build relationship with customers by making use of technology and managing information to improve service delivery and achieve increase in their customer base, customer royalty and retention.

This study builds on and analyzes the conclusions examined the relationships in how nurses resolve their conflicts with doctors. They conclude that “dominance approaches to conflict resolution are associated with low occupational stress levels, whereas the obliging and avoidance approaches are linked to higher stress” and that “seniority and status of nurses affect both their choice of conflict-resolution tactics and the associated stress and job satisfaction levels”. This research furthers the investigation by sieving through the lived experiences of nurses and physicians in Nigeria to ascertain if cultural socializations complicate conflict resolution between nurses and physicians, and if it further adversely affects patient care delivery. This phenomenological study used five thematic questions to interview 100 nurses from five major healthcare facilities across the country, seeking their experience of inter-professional, personal, and ethical conflict in-care of patients. The findings suggest that in Nigeria, cultural socialization weigh heavily on how conflicts are handed, and have a negative impact on healthcare management/delivery. The perceived dominance or professional superiority of physicians over nurses has adverse effect on nursing. The research shows value for collegiality in patient care, and points to new direction in the understanding collaboration.

The Small Scale Industry sector provides a panacea for less developed countries which aspires for higher growth in the face of shortage of capital, infrastructural bottlenecks, and a dearth of resources. The development of this sector hinges on the synchronized efforts of the governments, financial institutions and the entrepreneurs. There have been policy interventions undertaken by the state to promote this sector both in the pre-independence period and also after India secured its independence. Although some opportunities emerged for indigenous entrepreneurship in selected areas under the patronage of the colonial government however there was no systematic or deliberate approach on part of the British to revive, promote or develop Indian indigenous industries.

After independence, state intervention for the development of the small-scale industries in India was policy-specific aiming at varied objectives. The broad policy thrusts was to expand the capability of small and micro enterprises, to generate employment, promote exports, further the process of rural industrialization, and facilitate the development of appropriate technologies and new enterprise. Post-independence, SSI sector has been assigned a special status partly due to ideological reasons and partly due to social realities that created political compulsions.

Successive state policies were implemented to inject more vitality and growth impetus to the SSI sector so that it could contribute to the economy in terms of output, employment and exports. Deregulation, de-bureaucratization and simplification of rules, regulations and procedures in establishing and maintaining small units were made.

The MSMED Act, 2006 provided for the first ever legal framework for recognition of the concept of ‘enterprise’ and integrated the three tiers of micro, small and medium enterprises. The Act aimed at imparting greater vitality and growth impetus to the three categories of enterprises in terms of output, employment and exports and instilling a competitive culture based on heightened technology awareness. The enactment of this historic MSMED Act represents a paradigm shift where the policy of protection has now been replaced by the policy of promotion of SSI sector.

Women from the weaker sections of the society organized in to Self Help Groups (SHG) are running enterprises in various regions in both urban and rural India. These enterprises belong to sectors like agriculture, manufacturing and services. The initial capital required for the micro venture may come through micro credit which in many cases is supplemented by bigger loans through linkage of the SHG with some nationalized bank in the area, and in some cases may also receive bank end subsidy support. These micro ventures have been initiated with the objective of providing a means of livelihood to the members and some have been successful as they have provided a decent income to the members while some others have not. The reason may be many and the study tries to identify some of the enabling performance factors. The research looks at the performance of 125 micro enterprises that have been facilitated by a government run programme in Karnataka. Majority of these enterprises had received training and subsidy support from the government, under various subsidy and employment promotion programmes. The study is cross sectional and compares group run enterprises engaged in different entrepreneurial activity. A number of factors may have resulted in better performance, which is measured primarily in terms of turnover growth and growth in per capita income from the enterprise for those engaged in the group run entrepreneurial activity. The study suggests that choice of the activity, forward or market linkages, hand holding support for an extended period of time maybe more vital than subsidy for successful micro entrepreneurship promotion and only then there would be sustainable income generation from the entrepreneurial activity, which would ensure inclusive growth.