Revista de citología e histología

Objective: To study the incidence of cytolytic vaginosis among patients undergoing cervico-vaginal cytology for vaginal discharge, pruritis, dyspareunia and other symptoms. Cytololytic vaginosis is also known as lactobacillus overgrowth syndrome or Doderlein’s cytolysis. It is characterized by abundant growth of Lactobacilli resulting in lysis of vaginal epithelial cells.
Method: A total of 308 women presented to gynecological OPD. All of the patients were subjected to Pap test with the help of cytobrush. The cervico-vaginal smears were fixed in methanol, stained with papanicolaou stain and studied under microscope independently by two pathologists.
Result: Out of 308 patients, 190 (61.7%) had inflammatory lesion and were negative for intraepithelial malignancy. Out of 190 cases, 31 (16.3%) were diagnosed as cytolytic vaginosis based on clinical and morphological features.
Conclusion: Cytolytic vaginosis is a fairly common entity often misdiagnosed as candidiasis. Morphological features play an important role in identifying cytolytic vaginosis. The results of this study may contribute to reports in the literature indicating the importance of correct diagnosis cytolytic vaginosis leading to appropriate treatment.

Cancer being a multistep, and multi profile disease of multiple etiology, the complete cure for this emperor disease is out of reach in clinical oncology, in spite of multifarious drugs and innovative modalities of treatment procedures. Even the most successful chemotherapy is unable to cure the stage 3&4 cancer wherein the cancer cells take up the metastatic profile and migrate to keep away from the primary site to distinct organs and settle by immune- compromisation to seed and breed the secondary population of cancer cells which differ from their primary progenitor cells in various aspects.
Metastatic cancers until this hour remain as incurable especially in breast cancer patients with currently available therapies. Research investigation using cell lines and clinical studies are hectically striving to find cures for such IIIrd and IVth slater stage cancers or resistant cancers permanently and to prevent the disease relapse. The perusal of the results of some case studies in women revealed that both surgical ablation and chemotherapeutic intervention proved futile and instead of palliating the patient’s health condition, they drove the patients to fatal ending due to aggressive invasion of metastatic cells consequent to invasive surgery from the primary site to such vital organs as brain, lung and liver and the consequent collapse.

Aim and objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) protocols against the gold standard (TRUS guided Core Needle Biopsy {CNB}).
Materials and methods: This was a prospective study of 96 patients being investigated for prostate cancer. Inclusion criteria comprised of the presence of one or more of the following: Persistently elevated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), abnormal Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and abnormal prostatic imaging. Patients already on treatment for prostate cancer and those with symptomatic urinary tract infections were excluded. They all had an extended 10-aspiration TRUS –guided FNAC using a 22G Echotip Chiba needle. This was followed by an extended 10 core TRUS guided CNB using an 18G Bard Max-core biopsy gun at the same sitting. The extended protocol entailing traditional sextant aspirations/core needle biopsies as well as four laterally guided aspirations/core needle biopsies taken in the peripheral zone in the middle and base of the prostate were carried out. The cancer detection rates of FNAC and CNB protocols were determined and compared. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity were ascertained. P value <0.05 was taken as being statistically significant.
Results: The overall cancer detection rate was 24.0%. Benign cases were reported in 71.8% of patients and 4.2% reported as suspicious. FNAC overall accuracy rate was 96.7% with PPV of 100% and NPV of 95.7%. Sensitivity and specificity were 88.5% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: FNAC was comparable with CNB in terms of diagnostic accuracy.