Revista de SIDA e investigación clínica

AIDS infection - a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus - an infectious chronic disease in which the immune system is affected, which leads to its slow destruction and the formation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), accompanied by the development of specific infections and secondary malignant neoplasms that occur against the background of a decrease in body defenses. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus of the lentivirus genus that causes a slowly progressive disease called HIV infection.

In spite of the outcome of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for individuals living with HIV, deep rooted treatment is required and there is no fix. HIV can coordinate in the host genome and continue for the life expectancy of the contaminated cell. These idly contaminated cells are not perceived as unfamiliar on the grounds that they are to a great extent transcriptionally quiet, yet contain replication-capable infection that drives resurgence of the disease whenever ART is halted. With a mix of safe activators, killing antibodies, and remedial immunizations, some nonhuman primate models have been restored, giving hopefulness to these methodologies currently being assessed in human clinical preliminaries. In vivo conveyance of quality altering devices to either focus on the infection, help resistance or shield cells from contamination additionally holds guarantee for future HIV fix systems. In this Review, we talk about progresses connected with HIV fix over the most recent 5 years, feature remaining information holes and distinguish need regions for research for the following 5 years.

The year 2016 will check a significant achievement - the 35th commemoration of the principal detailed instances of HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) including Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) drug regimens is generally viewed as perhaps of the best accomplishment in helpful medication research having changed HIV contamination into a persistently overseen illness. Sadly, the absence of broad preventive measures and the powerlessness to kill HIV from contaminated cells feature the huge difficulties remaining today. Pushing ahead there are something like three high need objectives for hostile to HIV drug conveyance (DD) research: to keep new HIV diseases from happening, to work with a practical fix, i.e., when HIV is available yet the body controls it without medications and to destroy laid out contamination. Pre-openness Prophylaxis (PrEP) addresses a huge forward-moving step in forestalling the foundation of constant HIV contamination. Be that as it may, a definitive outcome of PrEP will rely upon accomplishing supported antiretroviral (ARV) tissue focuses and will require severe patient adherence to the routine. While original long acting/broadened discharge (LA/ER) DDS as of now being developed show extensive commitment, critical DD treatment and anticipation challenges persevere. To begin with, there is a basic need to further develop cell explicitness through focusing to specifically accomplish solid medication fixations in HIV supply destinations to control/destroy HIV as well as moderate fundamental secondary effects. Moreover, approaches for decreasing cell efflux and digestion of ARV medications to draw out successful focuses in target cells should be created.

Background: Haematological manifestations during HIV infection in Bangui are common and poorly documented. The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency of anaemia before and during antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and to identify associated factors.

Methods: This was a retrospective analytical study covering the period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. PLHIV who were naive or had been treated with ARVs for more than six months and whose medical records included a blood count and a CD₄ T-cell count were included. Sociodemographic and clinicobiological characteristics were collected using an anonymous questionnaire. The prevalence of anaemia was measured before and at the sixth month of antiretroviral treatment. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors.

Results: We included 532 patients of whom 149 were men (28%). The average age was 37.5 ± 9.4 years. The patients were seen in stages 3 and 4 of the WHO classification of HIV infection in 70.81% of cases. The mean CD₄ T cell count increased from 201 ± 175/mm³ before antiretroviral therapy (ART) to 361 ± 182/mm3 after six months of ART. Risk factors for anaemia in PLHIV before ART were CD₄ 200/mm³ (p=0.0391) and thrombocytosis (p=0.0083); on ART, anaemia was associated with cotrimoxazole use (p=0.0285) and thrombocytosis (p=0.0212).

Conclusion: Anemia in PLWH is common and has multiple risk factors, some of which are preventable, such as late treatment and tuberculosis. Better knowledge of risk factors, early detection and management could help reduce anaemia-related morbidity and mortality.