Revista de SIDA e investigación clínica

The association of nanoparticles with biomolecules and microorganisms is an extending field of exploration. Inside this field, a region that has been to a great extent neglected is the connection of metal nanoparticles with infections. In this work, we show that silver nanoparticles go through a size-subordinate connection with HIV-1, with nanoparticles only in the scope of 1-10 nm joined to the infection. The ordinary spatial game plan of the joined nanoparticles, the middle to-focus distance among nanoparticles, and the way that the uncovered sulfur-bearing build ups of the glycoprotein handles would be alluring locales for nanoparticle collaboration propose that silver nanoparticles interface with the HIV-1 infection through particular restricting to the gp120 glycoprotein handles. Because of this connection, silver nanoparticles restrain the infection from restricting to have cells, as shown in vitro. Nanotechnology gives the capacity to design the properties of materials by controlling their size, and this has driven research toward a huge number of likely purposes for nanomaterial’s. In the organic sciences, numerous applications for metal nanoparticles are being investigated, including biosensors, names for cells and biomolecules, and malignant growth therapeutics.

Restricted data is accessible portraying the on-going pervasiveness of proteinuria and HIV-related CKDs (HIV-CKDs) in kids and teenagers living with HIV and getting antiretroviral treatment in the United States. To resolve this issue, we played out a review investigation of kids and young people living with HIV who got clinical consideration at Children's National Hospital in Washington, DC, between January 2012 and July 2019. Segment information, clinical boundaries (method of HIV transmission, viral burdens, CD4 cell counts, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate [GFR], plasma lipid levels, proteinuria, circulatory strain, renal biopsies), and clinical medicines, all finished as a norm of clinical consideration, were gathered and examined.

The inflammasome pathway is a significant arm of the inborn safe framework that gives antiviral insusceptibility against numerous infections. The primary pathways associated with infection diseases incorporate the NLRP3, IFI16, and AIM2 pathways. Be that as it may, a concise comprehension of its part in HIV isn't yet very much clarified. In this survey, we showed that NLRP3 inflammasome enactment assumes a fundamental part in restraining HIV section into target cells through the purinergic pathway; IFI16 distinguishes intracellular HIV ssDNA, triggers interferon I and III creation, and represses HIV record; and AIM2 ties to HIV dsDNA and triggers intense aggravation and pyroptosis. Surprisingly, by understanding these systems, new remedial methodologies can be created against the illness.

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality Worldwide. The risk of maternal death is much more common in developing countries than developed countries. Therefore it is necessary to recognize the signs and symptoms to predict the disease before it threatens the survival of both mother and fetus since it complicates about 3% of all pregnancies. Health workers like midwives, clinicians and doctors are the primary care givers in treating, understanding and explaining preeclampsia, its diagnosis, risk factors and complications as delay in diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment could result in disastrous consequences for both the mother and the baby. The risk of maternal death is very high in lower health centers where there no enough trained doctors and other HWs. There is also inadequate supply of drugs used in management of preeclampsia. The study seeks to ascertain whether there are gaps in knowledge and practices by health workers in Bushenyi district contributing to the nationally high mortality rate in rural areas due to pre-eclampsia.36 health workers handling preeclampsia mothers in Bushenyi district were randomly selected and administered a questionnaire to assess their skills and knowledge. Study found that most health workers knew about preeclampsia, its risks but 46% knew less about HELLP syndrome. This study also finds that 52% of the health workers could not adequately prescribe magnesium sulphate and 46% could not signs of magnesium toxicity.

The researchers recommend more refresher course for health workers in Bushenyi and Uganda at large as well as emphasizing use of preeclampsia phone applications and strengthening hands on training for students in health training institutions.

Introduction: Worldwide the efficacy and safety of Azithromycin and 4-Aminoquinoline regimen in the treatment of COVID-19 has remained uncertain in both pregnant and other mothers. Pregnancy complications studies are still lacking, although a high preterm birth rate due to the combination of this regimen has been reported which is mostly caused by iatrogenic preterm birth owing to the diagnosis of COVID-19 principally preterm cesarean deliveries and perinatal transmission may occur but seems rare. There is lack of evidence reporting an increase in the incidence of congenital abnormalities, an increase in stillbirth or neonatal death (miscarriages), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) among pregnant mothers with COVID-19.

Aim: This study aimed at systematically reviewing studies regarding the use of Azithromycin and 4-Aminoquinoline based regimens in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers.

Methods: This was asystematic literature review. A systemic search of articles was done on PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, Web of Science, and medRxiv databases until 2020 using the keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “hydroxychloroquine”, and “mortality”. Relevant articles were chosen for further evaluation based on a review of their titles and abstracts. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinline for treatment of COVID-19 pregnant mothers.

Results: A total of 438 articles were screened and 12 eligible clinical studies (seven peer-reviewed and published studies and five non-peer-reviewed studies from pre-print servers were included) selected. A number of studies have established very good virological and clinical outcomes with 4-Aminoquinoline in particular HCQ therapy alone or in combination with Azithromycin among COVID-19 pregnant mothers. However, some studies have shown negative results with combination of HCQ treatment and Azithromycin among COVID-19 pregnant mothers.

Conclusion: In this systematic review, we have found that the results of effectiveness and safety of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinoline combination in COVID-19 pregnant mothers as obtained from 12 eligible clinical studies, is not satisfactory, although many of these studies had major methodological limitations. Stronger evidence from well-designed robust randomized clinical trials is required before conclusively determining the role of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinoline combination regimen in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical prudence is required to advocate of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinoline combination regimen as an unmitigated therapeutic armamentarium in pregnant mothers with COVID-19. Also, the potential of HCQ as a chemo-prophylactic agent against COVID-19 needs to be explored.

HIV remains a global human threat with about 39 million people infected and it has claimed the lives of over 25 million over the last 25 years. Over 80% of these are in sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2019, Uganda had an estimated population of 41.5 million, of whom 1,915,533 live with HIV/AIDS with HIV incidence among susceptible individuals at 1.4%, the ultimate highest. About 53000 people were infected with HIV in 2018 whereas 23000 died of the illness in Uganda in 2018. In Uganda, 84% of the people living with HIV knew their status, 72% were on ART and 64% were virally suppressed. Among adults (15-64 years, the most sexually active), the prevalence is 6.2%. In western Uganda, the prevalence stands at 7.9% slightly below western Nile with the highest at 8%.