Revista Internacional de Economía y Ciencias de la Gestión

A semi-empirical equation has been derived that describes the dependence of the shear stress on the shear rate during the flow of a onecomponent suspension. The suspension is considered as consisting of three fractions: single grains, their dimers and trimmers, between which equilibrium is established, depending on the shear rate. The equation is based on Krieger's formula generalized to the case of multicomponent suspensions. The derived equation well approximates the experimental data, including systems for which pseudoplastic behavior is replaced by dilatant behavior and vice versa.

The agenda of this study to investigate that “does China Belt and Road initiative project (Anti-poverty) will kick out to poverty and famine from African counties with is a big project of the world”? This study investigates with a qualitative research method and data collected from 6 books and several research articles. The finding of this study indicates that Belt and Road Initiative is one of the most popular and anti-poverty projects for the world future. The estimated cost of this project is one trillion dollars and it covers to 68 countries of three panel such as Asia, Africa, and Europe countries. Moreover, the finding indicates that one billion jobs will create direct and indirect with this project. BRI will kick out poverty and famines issue from African countries, and it will decrease the ration of poverty and unemployment at an economical level. This study declares that Belt and Road Initiative (Anti-poverty) project will help out from poverty and unemployment issue of African countries.

Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) transfer capital, technological knowledge and management to the local corporations, it was projected that their existence in Cameroon would advance the trade, economic growth and industry situation of the country. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in Cameroon. The work therefore embarked on answering the question “What are the Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in Cameroon?” In achieving this, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique was employed to estimate the coefficients of the variable in the model, with data from world bank development indicator. On the basis of the OLS results obtained from the FDI model, gross fix capital formation, gross domestic product, and household consumption positively affect the inflow of foreign direct investment in Cameroon and were all statistically significant. By implication, an increase in these variables, would lead to an increase in foreign direct investment inflow in Cameroon ceteris paribus. Though Inflation, Openness to Trade and Government Expenditure also had a positive relationship in attracting the inflow of FDI in Cameroon, their coefficients were not statistically significant. Meanwhile taxes had a statistically insignificant result and a negative relationship with FDI inflow in Cameroon. We therefore reject the null hypotheses that Economic factors has no significant effect in influencing the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Cameroon. It is therefore recommended that by attracting FDI, Cameroon government should ensure to develop policies that favours the stimulation of the various macro indicators. That is, the government should strive to maintain a favourable and stable rate of inflation and trade so as to easily attract FDI in the economy and regulate her tax policy.

The enthrall of this paper is based on the economic, social and political issues. It reflects present and future challenges for competitiveness and economic development in the global changing environment. International business encompasses all commercial activities that take place to promote the transfer of goods, services, resources, people, ideas and technology across national boundaries. It occurs in many different forms, the movement of goods from one country to another (exporting, importing trade), contractual agreements that allows foreign firms to use products, services and processes from other nations (licencing, franchising), the formation of operations of sales, manufacturing, research and development, distribution facilities in foreign markets. The aim of this paper is to introduce, analyze and explain international business in an important emerging light of globalization.

Purpose: This study analyse the asymptotic behavior of the tails of the return distributions in emerging markets through the lens of extreme value theory. It estimates and compares efficacy of the EVT based value at risk in emerging markets like Brazil(Bo Vespa), Russia(MOEX), India(Nifty 50), Bahrain(Share BAX), China(Shanghai), Colombia(COLCAP), Malaysia(FTSE), Thailand(SET INDEX), Argentina(Marvel), Bangladesh(Dhaka Stock Exchange), Pakistan(KSE 100) and Sri Lanka(CSE)) by using daily data for the period 2000-2018.

Methodology: The study employs block maxima model (BMM) based on generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) and peak over threshold model (POTM) based on generalized Pareto distribution (GPD). Peak over threshold model is applied under the assumption of unconditional and conditional volatility. Use of conditional EVT to estimate VaR is proposed by McNeil and Frey (2000) to capture the heteroscedasticity in extreme returns arising from stochastic volatility. Finally, the efficacy of models is evaluated through backtesting techniques proposed by Kupiec (1995) and Christoffersen (1998).

Findings: The Block maxima model underestimates risk whereas condition POT model overestimates risk at 95% and 99% confidence level. EVT based unconditional POT model performs better in comparison to the GEV based block maxima model and EVT based conditional POT model in all selected countries of emerging markets. The results are consistent under various backtesting approaches as the performance of the model does not change with an increase in confidence level. The difference of risk may be the outcome of role of equity markets in a country, levels of disclosure, governance laws and ownership structure.

Value: This study has important implication for portfolio managers in making the decision regarding resource allocation, portfolio diversification and risk management as EVT based unconditional POT model can be used for modeling risk of extreme events in emerging markets.

Search engine optimization, which can optimize the search display position of content and expose the target content to readers faster, is a great tool for marketing. For foreign trade practitioners, the traffic entrances of the two major search engines, Amazon and Google, determine the exposure of products. Amazon drives consumers to click and search with shopping as the demand and has a clearer consumption intention, while Google is a bigger information plaza than Amazon, leading people to various websites.