Revista de economía global

In 2012 the Central bank of Kenya issued revised and new prudential and risk management guidelines applicable to commercial banks, mortgage finance companies and non-bank financial institutions licensed under the Banking Act of Kenya. This was informed by the need to up-date the banking sector regulatory framework in light of significant changes in local, regional and global banking sector’s operating environment. Key drivers included a desire to adapt new global best practices in banking sector such as the revised Basel Core Principles Banking Supervision. Among the guidelines issued include regular stress testing by commercial banks and the submission of a report to Banking Supervision Department on a quarterly basis. This paper investigated risk management techniques employed by commercial banks in Kenya and recorded several techniques including stress testing and contingency planning.

The result indicated that each selected banana farmers in study area on average per farm spent a sum of Rs.21334.00. This included Rs.4500.00 for loading, Rs.12334.00 for transportation and Rs.4500.00 of unloading respectively in the study area. The total cost of production of Rs.158581.00 this included Rs.88300.00, Rs.20100.00, Rs.28847.00 and Rs.21334.00 on fixed cost, labour costs, Capital Inputs and marketing costs respectively in the study area. The banana grower obtained per acre 143 mounds on an average and revenue Rs.1750.00 mounds on an average and per acre earned of Rs.250250.00 that obtained by the grower of banana. Thus the banana growers on an average per acre earned during study, Rs.91669.00 on net income, Rs.250250.00 on gross income and Rs.158581.00 on total expenditure in the study area. An average per acre gross income Rs.250250.00 and total expenditure is Rs.158581.00 in the study area therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:1.57 from banana growing in the study area. The selected banana growers on a net income per acre earned Rs.91669.00 and total expenditure Rs.158581.00 in the study area therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:0.57 from banana growing in the study area.

This article discuss’ how economics of scale in supply and demand in the telecommunication industry has developed and how this has had great effect on the widespread usage and popularity of smartphones. By using this assmartphone a theoretical ground the paper looks into technical innovation in the telecommunication industry and finds significant similarities between the industry development and the literature on disruptive technology, which finds that incumbent companies are not able to react in a successful way when disruptions occur in their industry. By studying how the telecommunication industry developed around the introduction of the smartphone and looking closer into the reactions of major players such as Apple, Google, Microsoft and Nokia, we find evidence supporting the finding in the literature of an inadequate strategies among incumbent companies. Large incumbent companies focus too much on incremental innovation of their products which have a more clear short-term return and a solution of this problem is to focus less on short-term efficiency and to allow the individual researcher to follow his/her own ideas’ to a larger extent.

The use of social networks is a valuable tool to support enterprises to increase the chances of survival through the activation of a favorable word of mouth among the internal and external members of the virtual community. The diffusion of network innovations, at the environmental level, which includes institutional and regulatory entities, is highly complex and has been relatively neglected in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims, through a general overview of the literature on the subject, to understand how the spread of social networks impact on the economy of enterprise.

Women’s political participation has been recognized internationally as an important measure of the status of women in any particular country. Hence, in recent years, women’s participation in politics and decision-making has received significant attention across the world. However, women remain seriously underrepresented in decision-making positions. The central objective of this study is to examine challenges and opportunities of women political participation in Ethiopia. To this end qualitative research methodology was employed. Data was collected from secondary sources mainly from published journal article, books and report of government and non-government organization. The finding of the study shows that different casual factors such as; economic, religious, social and cultural factors contributed to women’s poor political participation in the country. The study further revealed that political participation allow women to address their basic problems and needs in their community and ensures the openness, real fight against rent-seeking, accountability, political commitment, political leadership, and political responsiveness of the existing national, regional, districts, and local levels. It is true that more than half percent of the world’s population are women. But, they lack access to political decision making as compared to their counter parts at all levels of government. So that women’s equal participation in decision-making and politics is not only a demand for simple justice or democracy, but a necessary pre-condition for women’s interests to be taken into account.

The paper investigates fiscal policy measures and balance of payments in Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which fiscal policy measures have influenced the BOP position in Nigeria during the period under study. The study utilized aggregate annual data from 1980 to 2012. The data was analyzed with the co-integration/ ECM method. The major findings are: the test for stationary using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) showed that all the variables were not stationary in levels but were stationary in first difference. The Johansen-Juselius co-integration techniques were employed in testing for long run equilibrium relationship among the variables and the results indicated that co-integrating relationship was found among the variables. The parsimonious ECM result reveals that about 80% of the systematic variation in the dependent variable (BOP) is explained by the three independent variables which are Government Expenditure (GXP) and Government Tax Revenue (GTR) and Government Debt (GTD). Furthermore, the result revealed that government tax revenue has positive and significant effect on BOP in Nigeria, while government expenditure and debt have negative and significant impact on BOP in Nigeria based on the magnitude and the level of significance of the coefficient and p-value. The result also reveals that there is long run relationship between fiscal policy and BOP, as evidenced by the ECM. From the result so far, it is obvious that fiscal policy measures are effective in achieving a favorable balance of payments in Nigeria. The paper concluded that the success of fiscal policy in promoting favorable BOP depends on the level of public revenue available, the direction of public expenditure and its implementation. On the basis of the findings, we recommend amongst others that expansionary fiscal policy measures should be encouraged as they play vital role for the growth of the BOP in Nigeria. Also export promotion and import substitution strategies to increase the non-oil exports in order to achieve a favorable BOP in order to achieve a favorable BOP.

The bank’s toxic or nonperforming asset or contagion and liquidity problems that can prone any time the banking business unsolved for last decades. To solve these problems banks were adopted several models even though each of banking business models was a catalyst for financial crises. However, these problems can be solved applying an interest rate commission agent banking system which is a system to be adopted by bank to be an agent for investors’ loan funding to entrepreneurs by getting the fund seller and buyer agreement to administer the loan after disbursement, by retaining reasonable interest rate commission from the agreed investor’s loan funding credit price. The bank as an agent administer investor’s loan funding to entrepreneur up to loan settlement by collecting an agreed interest rate commission. An interest rate commission agent banking system can directly increase profitability of the bank since no saving interest rate can be paid on the loan disbursed amount from an investor account. Since increasing deposit interest rate increases deposit mobilization. Applying discrete market interest rate incentive also expected to increases the deposit mobilization. In same manner increasing the credit price will increase the demand of the investors to provide loan funding which in turn increase the bank’s loan mobilization.

This study had the objectives of analyzing the causes, strengths and weaknesses of infrastructure related to Thailand’s telecommunications compared with those of other countries in AEC. Data was derived from the rankings of different agencies outside the country, namely the ICT Development Index, Digital Economy Rankings, Network Readiness and World Competitiveness Yearbook. The study results showed that for Thailand to get ready in terms of policy and investment budget, it might need cooperation from other AEC member countries that scored high in preparation of readiness standards in telecommunications such as Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei in order to promote Thailand’s telecommunications to become a leader among the countries in AEC when Thailand joins the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015.

This work seeks to analyze if there is an impact from the adoption of technology used for online transactions, starting from the theories of adoption of electronic commerce as well as the strategies that companies choose to develop a competitive advantage, the models on economic interactions, the barriers on the part of companies to be included in the electronic marketplace, Mexico data are revised in recent years to review the trend that has been e-commerce and exploratory.

Barro and Sala-i-Martin analyzed the empirical determinants of growth. They used a cross-sectional empirical framework that considered growth from two kinds of factors, initial levels of steady-state variables and control variables (e.g., investment ratio, infrastructure). Recent literature suggests that education is important in determining steadystate growth. Sequeira Following Baumol, we also consider the growth regression. We extend the previous research for Asian countries of Kim to developed countries. Following the implications of semi-endogenous growth theory, we regressed output growth on a constant, one-year lagged output (initial income) and the determinants of steady-state income [investment rate, population growth, the quadratic (or linear) function of R&D intensity and human capital measured by years of schooling or enrollment rate in secondary school]. The regression suggests higher significance in research efforts. This contradicts with that of Sequeira, which asserts the speed is determined by only education, preference and technology parameter. The coefficients for the determinants of steady-state income, especially for the quadratic function of R&D intensity, are significant and occur in the expected direction. Our results suggests that adopting appropriate growth policy related with R&D, an economy can grow more rapidly through transition dynamics or changing fundamentals.

Recent financial crisis which has pushed almost whole world under recession, has also affected the developing economies in many ways. Since its starting, academicians were talking about its impact on world economies in different ways. Some of them were looking the crisis as an opportunity particularly for developing countries. India and China are emerging as two most prominent face of developing economies, and it may have been an opportunity for them to strengthen their global order among the economies of world. Subprime crisis of US financial system has badly affected the US economy and weaken its position. It has been said that balance of payment position of U.S. economy is in very bad shape, and if china wish it can destabilize the U.S. economy. It has also been said that U.S. currency ($) may not enjoy the position (as international currency) and credit worthiness which it has earlier. It could have an opportunity to make a multi-polar world. But happenings of the post recession period shows that nothing much have changed, and U.S. economy almost continued its status as it was in pre crisis period. Present paper will be normative analysis to understand the politics and economics of world originations and institutions those have worked hard and fast to save the U.S. economy. It will also be attempted to understand the factors those have pushed the economies like India in double dip recession. Is there any role of international politics and world organizations in this pathetic situation, when it is being claimed that it is because of policy paralysis?

What are the peculiar features that tend to condition the way and manner in which Nigerian government and politics are being studied and analyzed? Is there any encompassing analytical framework through which these peculiar features can be adequately and comprehensively studied and analyzed in a manner that in turn provides informed view and opinion on Nigerian body politics? The article examines the form and character of politics in Nigeria using cultural pluralism as an analytical framework. It is set against the objective of providing detailed and exhaustive analysis of cultural pluralism as a theoretical framework of disquisition; and determining as well its appropriateness to the study and analysis of politics in Nigeria. The methodology is qualitative and hinged on descriptive examination of the concepts that are contained in cultural pluralism as a theoretical formulation and further analysis of the adequacy and suitability of the concepts in being able to properly enhance a holistic study and analysis of the peculiar features of politics in Nigeria. It concludes that in its present form, the framework is inadequate and archaic.

The main principles in the creation of objects over the territory region of special economic zone were; cluster approach for ensuring optimum production communications, to provide a sustainable development of territories at their intensive use, to provide the balanced accounting of ecological, economic, social factors due to the constructing the facilities of infrastructure.