Revista de Economía y Negocios

El estudio analizó la inversión extranjera directa bilateral entre los países del CCG y las economías desarrolladas utilizando un modelo de gravedad. El estudio ha aplicado un nuevo enfoque al conjunto de datos de panel sobre los flujos de inversión extranjera directa bilateral entre 6 países del CCG y 8 países desarrollados, de 2001 a 2012. El PIB per cápita de los países de origen y la población de las economías de origen y destino fueron determinantes casi positivos y significativos de los flujos de inversión extranjera directa bilateral. La proximidad geográfica ha ejercido una influencia positiva significativa en las inversiones extranjeras bilaterales. Los inversores pueden buscar diversidad en las inversiones y apoyar a los países del CCG para la inversión extranjera.

El brote de COVID-19 golpeó la economía mundial con consecuencias sin precedentes, lo que indujo a los gobiernos a intervenir en el mercado y facilitar el proceso de recuperación. Los planes de rescate de las economías avanzadas, aunque apropiados para la recuperación a corto plazo, pueden tener efectos adversos a largo plazo sobre la disciplina presupuestaria y las expectativas inflacionarias. De hecho, las intervenciones gubernamentales y los rescates masivos conducirán a una enorme cantidad de déficits fiscales, lo que puede crear expectativas inflacionarias. El objetivo de este documento es doble. En primer lugar, intenta estimar los efectos de COVID-19 en el crecimiento económico, la tasa de desempleo, los gastos de consumo, la producción industrial y el crecimiento del PIB. En segundo lugar, intenta medir los efectos a largo plazo en el déficit presupuestario y la inflación esperada, utilizando el modelo de corrección de errores vectoriales (VEC) con datos trimestrales para el período de 2009:1-2020:4 para la economía estadounidense. El modelo VEC utilizado en este estudio es superior a los modelos VAR utilizados en estudios anteriores. Los resultados estimados en este estudio indican que el efecto del déficit presupuestario de este rescate durará al menos un período de cinco años y las expectativas inflacionarias persistirán en el mediano plazo.

El impuesto sobre bienes y servicios (GST) es la mayor reforma fiscal de la India. Se ha adoptado en más de 160 países y ahora se ha implementado en la India con el objetivo de reemplazar todos los impuestos indirectos, como el impuesto sobre servicios, el IVA, los impuestos de lujo, el impuesto especial, etc., y reunirlos en un solo sistema tributario. Se ha introducido con la intención de reducir la carga impositiva sobre el fabricante, aportar transparencia, eliminar la acumulación de impuestos y, por lo tanto, ayudar a aumentar el crecimiento económico del país. Sin embargo, desde su inicio, la economía india ha enfrentado una desaceleración en algunos sectores clave. La siguiente investigación intenta razonar si el GST ha jugado un papel importante en la desaceleración económica actual, centrándose en la industria automotriz.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to develop a theory, model and terminology that fit the Ethiopian Universities; by exploring facts from the CSR practice that held in Bule Hora University since its establishment.

Methods: The researcher adopts qualitative research approach to attain its objective. The relevant data collected through in-depth-interview from the respondents of the research. These are the University V/ Presidents, college deans, HoDs, students and community members addressed for the data collection purpose. The respondents are plotted by using the combination of the purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The data analysis has been done through the software called QDA light version 12.2.with Constant Comparative Analysis (CCA) to build the substantive theory and model.

Results: The research finding yield major results with regard to the practice of CSR in BHU. The results are focused on six different categories. These themes are knowledge meaning of CSR, practicability of CSR (various sub themes), CSR expectation, the changing scenarios in CSR practice, types and role of stakeholders, and terminology. The study reveals that there are bottleneck in the implementation of the concept CSR in BHU context such as lack of awareness, absence of comprehensive guideline to lead the tasks, there is no specific theory and model for the universities, etc. As a result, this study proposes three models. These are model for the USSR pyramid, USSR stakeholders’ model and USSR model.

Practical Implications: The studies have various implications for different stakeholders of the concept. The study addresses for policy makers, regulators, MoSHE, Ethiopian Universities, etc. It implies to formulate policy, regulation framework, procedures, rules, and policy implication framework. Moreover, for the Ethiopian Universities it has shown to maintain synchronized effort to use and disseminate the new CSR model and terminology.

Originality/Value: The study has its own original features other than prior researches that have conducted in the area. Newness of this specific article is new CSR terminology, CSR model, CSR stakeholders’ model and CSR pyramid that fit to the Ethiopian Universities.

The company has a limited legal capacity for the performance of any transaction and an attempt to perform any act beyond its legal capacity is ultra vires. The paper discourses the development of ultra vires doctrine in English company law. With this purpose, this piece unearths the canon of English courts judgments to pinpoint how and why the doctrine has been abrogated with time. The article demonstrates how the abrogation and modification of the objects clause have ended the doctrine of ultra vires in company law.

Over decades, manufacturing firms are struggling to remain competitive in an intense manufacturing industry. The struggle is due to increasing manufacturing companies dealing in similar or related products. Given the competitive dynamics in the manufacturing industry, firms are proactively searching for viable strategies to ensure profitability and survival. Scholars and management have jointly conducted studies to find amicable strategies influencing firms’ profitability. Whereas various studies have been conducted on profitability, majority of these studies were concerned with strategies directly influencing profitability with little attention on the mediating role of other strategies. Specifically, little is known on mediation studies in manufacturing industry. Despite strategies directly influencing profitability being established, firms’ are in receivership with several kicked out of business indefinitely. This study bridges the gap by considering the mediating role of risk management on outsourcing and profitability of manufacturing firms. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Specifically, a partial mediation approach was adopted following Baron and Kenny mediation guidelines. Results from Med-Graph and Sobel tests proved that risk management significantly mediated the relationship between outsourcing and profitability (Sobel Z-value=3.441, p=0.002). Hence, firms are encouraged to embrace mediation strategies in ensuring profitability and survival in the competitive environment.

Ethiopian Youth Revolving Fund (YRF) loan was established with objective to provide financial and technical assistance to unemployed youths in alleviating their economic and social difficulties using the sustainably. However, the government and Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (OCSSCo) reports showed that loan repayment was not performed as expected for the reason not yet been studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of socio-economic factors on loan repayment performance and sustainability of YRF. The data was collected from 328 respondents from five clusters of Oromia Administrative zones. The descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square test of association) were used to check the association of independent variables and their effect on dependent. The findings show the existence of peer pressure to use the fund for search for employment than facing hardship in creating job, poor business performance, loan diversion, and wrong choice of business types were affected YRF loan repayment performance at less than 5% level of significance. Finally, the government is recommended to work on creating awareness in public on creating own job, reconsider inclusion of entrepreneurship and business courses in the educational curriculum. OCSSCo should to provide adequate training and guidance to borrowers on fund utilization and management and arrange micro-insurance. Alternatively, the government should redesign the fund utilization by establishing businesses with the fund; employ the youths in it selling shares for each unemployed youth being employed in the business and finally handover the business to the youth after assuring financial viability.