Avances en robótica y automatización

This paper aims at furnishing basic definitions for robotics in the span of man-made intelligence. Simple robotics and their faculties such as sensors and actuators are included in the definition. Moreover, intelligent and non-intelligent types of robotics are described in this research work. We generally focus on non-intelligent robotics (program-based robotics) and the setbacks designers can encounter .The methods and designs of an arm robot generally encompass three components: namely, the mechanical assembly of the arm robot, the electronic circuit, and software design employing Prolog software programming language. Our design concentrates generally on programming an arm robot to manipulate its movements. In our case study programming an arm robot we delineate probable resolutions to setbacks we encountered without going intensely into theory, and we demonstrate a stable design for resolving these setbacks via a flowchart. The design of the flowchart is next explained and subsequently coded.

Robot-assistance has been recently used to perform splenectomy for hematological disorders. Studies
describing the technique and indications to robot-assisted splenectomy have been reviewed.Its use as an alternative to the standard laparoscopic splenectomy is particularly beneficial in more challenging cases due to anatomical or iatrogenic conditions. A careful preoperative work-up and intraoperative evaluation are mandatory to discriminate whether robot-assistance could be useful. Moreover, robot-assisted splenectomy remains an essential teaching model before approaching more difficult procedures.

Robots made its place in the pre 20th century era as a part of an entertaining tool who never thought it could have any sensational role in today’s life. From the baby’s toy to the current sensor bots and much more advanced innovations as such have made man’s life much easier, luxurious and accurate outcomes. Thus this field is currently expanding and enormously growing in the way nobody can just estimate. This field has shown much of profit zone and promising outcomes which have benefited many colossal arenas. This successive generation of Robots has challenged the current scientists and is welcoming the new ideologies and technologies to improve the functioning for a better tomorrow.

This current review tries to put an effort in understanding the advancements that has taken place in the past few decades to the date. It tries to bridge up the gap and helps the current budding scientists to understand the present scenario who can challenge the enormously improving technologies and make much more advancements in this field.

In this paper, we introduce a task-based method for designing underactuated gripper mechanisms in which actuators are linked with the joints via elastic elements. The inclusion of elastic elements in the kinematic structure allows better compliance of gripper fingers to the shape of the grasped object because in this case the elastic elements work as convertors of the displacement of the actuators. In the proposed research we focus on the design of multi-joint grippers that contain fewer independent actuators than the joints and geometry dedicated for specific tasks. In order to minimize the complexity of the gripper mechanism while keeping its efficiency, we analyzed the joint motions of the mechanisms during the execution of each task and investigated the level of participation of eachjoint for every task. The results of this study can be used for systematic design of underactuated mechanisms and for the synthesis of dedicated underactuated mechanisms that can operate in a low dimensional task coordinate space.

The introduction of robotics has opened a new era in general and digestive surgery. Several advanced procedures are now performed with the robotic technique providing superior dexterity to surgeons while maintaining the profile of safety and benefits of minimally invasive surgery for patients. Pancreatic surgery, one of the last area of resistance to minimally invasive surgery, has not been spared by this surgical revolution. An increasing number of studies provided by high volume institutions have proven the safety and feasibility of robotics for pancreatic surgery. Pancreaticoduodenectomy, one of the most advanced surgical procedures in abdominal surgery, represents the most common type of pancreatic resection performed by robotic approach. The safety and feasibility is at present well demonstrated but its advantages over open and laparoscopic surgery and its long term oncologic outcomes are still to be proven in prospective studies.
This article reviewed the current experience of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy reported in the international literature evaluating its safety, feasibility, short and long term outcomes.
The increasing number of reports dealing with this topic proven the growing interest of digestive surgeon for this approach which certainly will constitute the approach of choice for minimally invasive pancreatic surgery in the next future.