Revista de Economía y Negocios

Meta-Analysis on Improved Livestock Technology Adoption in Ethiopia

Abstract

Zekarias Bassa

The livestock sector known to be livelihood base for Ethiopian community in terms of income, social capital and food and plays significant role for the country economy, however, the production system is not yet improved due low improved technology utilization, market inefficiency and climate variability. It had taken half a century for the country in adopting improved livestock technology and lots of efforts were made in its transfer, but the level of technology adoption is not yet optimal. The meta-analysis was carried out to see the average size effect of explanatory variables over livestock technology adoption and reliability of certain published articles explanatory variable on explaining the expressed dependant variable and there by overview the adoption of improved livestock technology at country level. The study used 12 published research articles from the year of 2011 up to 2018 on the major livestock technology adoption study across the country. The five regions where the systematic review and meta- analysis carried out were Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR, Tigray and Benshangul Gumuz regional states. The meta-analysis result confirmed that in relation to measurement errors, heterogeneity of case studies, variability in interviewed farmers socioeconomic and institutional setup, the livestock technology adoption probability estimate depends on study period, model type used, and sample size. The inverse relationship between technology adoption rate and years of study period showed the increment of technological option in current years than previous periods and minimization of the risk aversion features of the small-scale farmers. The other finding from meta-analysis indicated average size effect result indicated that the probability of improved livestock technologies is positive function of family size, market and main road distance, training and income and inverse function of age, gender and distance from extension service centres. The other regression result also showed that the livestock adoption proportion determined by econometric model type used, sample size of respondent and study period. From meta-analysis study the pointed out for scholars that it is indispensable to give due attention on checking inclusion of all necessary variables and un omission of important variables and assuring not committing measurement errors in the variables that presumed and theoretically supported to affect the predictand. As remedial measure for suspected measurement errors, trying to include instrumental variables and collection of all related data assumed to the major assignment for all the next studies. The mean size effect results also pointed out that through awareness creation, expansion of demonstration centres in the vicinity, creating income opportunity and gender mainstreaming will have detrimental effect in farmers’ choice and utilization of livestock technology.