Dr. Kavita Vasdev
Industrial effluents containing wastewater from textile and dyestuff industries is one of the most difficult to be treated. Since it contains various kinds of synthetic dyes with complex aromatic molecular structures, illustrating the need for a non-specific method of decolorization. Due to the low biodegradability of synthetic dyes, they can cause serious environmental pollution. Hence there's an urgent need to develop treatment system for bioremediation of dye containing industrial effluents to reduce pollution in a non-toxic manner and provide environmentally friendly treatment technology for sustainable development. In recent years white-rot fungi have attracted increasing attention as their lignolytic enzymes have the ability to degrade recalcitrant compounds and synthetic dyes. Owing to extracellular, nonspecific, free radical based lignolytic systems of WRF; they can completely eliminate a variety of xenobiotics, including synthetic dyes and industrial dyes giving rise to non-toxic compounds. Hence five white-rot fungi (isolated from nature) were evaluated for their potential to declorize two dyes Rhodamine-B and Methyl Orange in order to develop them in future as target organisms for treatment of Industrial effluents. All the fungal isolates showed high rates of decolorization, with KV10 and KV12 removing 76% color within 96 hrs. All the fungi not only decolorized the dyes but also degraded them as is evident from the shift in their absorption spectra. Linear increase in laccase production by all five fungi, was observed with a simultaneous increase in extent of decolorization, irrespective of the type of dye. The presence of the dyes in liquid medium had little or no effect on the mycelial growth, at the concentration tested.
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