Revista de economía global

This review article aims to examine the importance of branding and marketing mix. The article has estimated the ways to promote the product and how the product gains the brand name based on the written points by the authors it has been estimated that the marketing strategy have directly or indirectly helped in gaining brand image with the few aspects which emphasis on the promotion and marketing mix to gain the brand name.

This paper is a first attempt to study the size and development of the shadow economies of 157 countries between 1999 and 2013. Using a MIMIC model, we find that higher tax and regulatory burden, unemployment and self-employment rates are drivers of the shadow economy, meaning that an increase in these causal variables increases the shadow economy. Our result also confirms previous findings of Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn and Claudia Montenegro. The estimated average of informality of 157 countries around the world, including developing, eastern European, central Asian and high income OECD countries averaged over 1999 to 2013 is 33.77% of official GDP. A critical discussion about the size of these macro-estimates comes to the conclusion that most likely the “true” shadow economy of these countries is only 69% of their estimated macro-MIMIC-values.

Information technology is fundamentally changing the banking industry and financial supply chain activities worldwide. While the advent of e-banking offers banking firms a new frontier of opportunities and challenges, it is also revolutionizing the way business is conducted in every industry. Banks, corporations, governmental agencies and other financial institutions in Eritrea are not exceptions to this transformation. This study aims at examining the effect of e-banking on the banking industry as well as its influence on financial supply chain; if Eritrea is to adopt modern banking system. The study was based on qualitative approach and two types of interview guide questions were administered to some selected bank officials of the four banks and bank customer company managers using purposive and unstructured interviewing techniques. Findings from the study indicate that e- banking services in Eritrea are not yet initiated. The adoption of modern banking systems is believed to solve existing challenges in the banking industry, in the financial supply chain and in e-business as a whole.

The aim of this work is to identify the main obstacles that Mexican companies face in providing goods and services to the maquiladora export industry, and to identify recommendations through the theory of resources and capabilities as well as network theory, in order to help companies to take advantage of its capital and potential strategic alliance. The study method was based on a theoretical and literature review, and studies a case of success. The analysis of results shows in the case of success that an efficient use of resources and the effective establishment of an alliance can improve competitive conditions.

Croatia’s financial and capital market is relatively well developed in terms of providing investors and potential investors with access to trading domestically and abroad. The investing infrastructure is by and large in place and is aligned fully with the EU standards. However, most of the active and particularly would-be investors received none or very limited financial and investment education. This result in inferior financial skills and less than adequate asset allocation for the Croatian average investor. A cumulative effect of financially suboptimal literacy of investors has a nation-wide negative impact with less than efficient capital market being only one of its manifestations. With the surge of easily available portfolio management simulations such as Stocktrak, investment and financial concepts are much easier to grasp, understand and implement in the real investment world. Stocktrak simulation proved to be an invaluable supplement in raising financial literacy among finance students and those willing to manage their finances. The paper explores advantages of using the simulation as a supplemental learning curve and demonstrates its importance in dismantling cumulative investing illiteracy in Croatia, which is prerequisite for better asset allocation and the first step towards a more efficient domestic capital market.

Nobel Prize winner Akerlof proposed lemon theory and showed how information asymmetry in the market creates an unbalanced information where poor quality offerings (lemons) wipe out good quality offerings in the market. Akerlof’s model was originally developed in the context of used cars in the market where lemon problem was frequently observed. However, the theoretical problem lemon is not limited to the car market but also valid in other markets with the same situations. The present study focuses on information asymmetry observed in the education system in UAE because of an “information gap” due to the asymmetric information.

This paper compares various methods of measuring the equilibrium exchange rate. We believe that it should be considered the three aspects of essential attribute of the exchange rate, the economic situation and regulating needs of policies when it comes to the measure of RMB equilibrium exchange rate. The paper points out that the extended PPP method is more appropriate than the FEER approach and it is a “second-best” choice. Then we make a systematic review of the literatures and commentary on how to measure equilibrium exchange rate properly with the application of PPP. We believe that the extended PPP approach would be better suited to measure RMB equilibrium exchange rate than the other relative PPP methods. According to the PPP data published in 2005 by the World Bank, we have successfully countered and interpret a series of statement which were suspected overvaluation of Chinese PPP, accordingly it is very difficult to reach the conclusion that RMB exchange rate has been seriously underestimated, which mean that the current price level in China is compatible with the economic level and the ratio of prices with other countries is basically normal.

In this paper we test the Fisher effect by using monthly data from each of the four BRICS countries (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The results by applying threshold cointegration method reveal that the Fisher effect is valid in all countries except South Africa, implying that nominal interest rates adjust to inflation in the long run.

This article investigates the impacts of EMU on inter-eurozone trade in a medium- to long-run horizon. The core objective is twofold: first to understand if the inception of EMU has boosted trade among its member states or not, and second to investigate the impact of EMU on each individual member state. To this aim, a balanced panel of 17 OECD countries/unions (euro-12 plus five similar European economies) over 1990-2009 was constructed. Using a gravity type of specification and Pesaran’s CCE estimator, it is found that overall EMU has increased inter-eurozone trade by not more than 4.3%. Taking country specific estimates into consideration, I find that the impact of EMU on inter-eurozone trade is non-significant for four of the eurozone economies. This is while Spain and Austria seem to realize double-digit gains in trade as a result of joining the EMU.

Tourism is an ever expanding service industry with latent vast growth potential and has, therefore, become one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of nations. Its capacity to generate employment both directly and indirectly, its potential to earn foreign currency for the host community, its high growth and development rates, infrastructure development, introduction of new management and educational experience, have made this industry greatly desirable for all. The outcome of increasing tourism has been found to be a critical and crucial catalyst in accelerating the rate of socio-economic development. Therefore, the study entitled the role of tourism to local economic development of Gondar city in terms of income receipt, job opportunity expansion and investment attraction was undertaken. To scrutinize the role of the sector in the city, the study used 150 samples randomly those are directly impacted by the tourism sector. In order to gather the necessary data from the sample those directly impacted by the tourism sector, questionnaire and interview were used as research instrument tools. In light of this, descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data obtained through questionnaire. The study finding indicates that tourism sector is crucial armed force in fighting and reducing the extent and intensity of poverty in general. Besides, the society`s livelihoods were improved significantly. More specifically, the employment of those who joined the sector as government employee has increased from 2000 employees in 2011 and increases to 4800 in 2015 and the number of employees engaged in hotels, restaurants, pensions, lodges etc. revealed that there are about 5500 persons employed excluding other indirect employees and the income level increased from birr 80,000 and birr 300,000 in 2007 to birr 1,230,000 and 7,768,019 in 2015 from domestic and foreign tourists respectively.

Basically, the desire of reducing cost and maximise profits along with gaining market shares have attracted the attention of many organization to spread their wings in the international arena. Many organizations have opted to global expansion to capitalise from many opportunities such as foreign government bureaucracy such as that of African and Middle East, the sizeable population such that of China and India, the degree of corruption, foreign exchange movement as well as the technological piracy. To discuss this matter in a broad perspectives, this piece of writing however, intends to establish whether or not it is important to for the firms to go abroad. This paper, however, will potentially fall into four crucial points when firm choose to expand its boundaries globally which includes-the decision to go abroad, deciding on market to enter, deciding how to enter the market, deciding on the market programmes as well as the decision on the marketing organization. To accomplish this academic paper, however, our discussion of international strategic marketing management for agribusiness will provide information, concept, processes, ideals, theories, tool and models that may well contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness in the implementation and performing of function in the international agribusiness management.

Until recently, business sector has been an important organ to contribute toward sustainable development in the society, which is why, many organizations have been launched in different parts of the World to achieve toward these prosperity. It is suggested however, in order to have an outstanding business entity; therefore, it is keen to have an outlined strategic plan both in management and information system. This piece of literature, thereby, intends to establish the principles which underpinning the role of strategic planning in terms of overall management of the entity and indeed the role of information systems in the organization and its contribution to achieve the firm’s specific and general objectives.

The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of extrinsic rewards on employees’ performance Primary data was collected through spreading questionnaire among employees working in the banking industry the questions were pertaining to Salary, working conditions and performance bonuses. Data was analyzed through SPSS by applying different tests. In the end it was concluded that Salary and working conditions impact the employee performance. It can help the employers to focus on these factors to motivate employees.

In this paper, we examines the influence of investment bank’s reputation and political connection on the IPO qualification of Chinese firm, The results show that firms which sponsored by prestigious investment banks more likely pass the regular’s screening process, the investment bank’s political connection have no significant impact on the IPO qualification. We further compared the investment bank’s customer characteristic, and find that the customers of prestigious investment bank are more large-scale, high growth companies, and more central enterprises, indicate that high reputation investment bank tend choose low risk and high growth prospective IPO companies in order to avoid damage to reputation.

Our present scientific perspective aims to be contingent. It will study the impact of the ERP on the main objective of management control system (MCS) which is the global performance improvement of the firm. This impact will depend on two main variables which are the strategy and the organizational structure. Dealing with the usefulness of ERP for successful companies, this paper firstly aims to identify the determinants of implementing an ERP “Enterprise Resource Planning systems” according to 29 management control responsible, and secondly, to evaluate the effect of this integrated information technology (IT) called ERP on the overall performance of companies which are organized by the processes. These latter are basically flattened, listed companies and ISO 9011 certification holder.

Moreover, the implementation of an ERP is a business project. It will involve an overhaul of an information system, including the overhaul of management processes within the organization. The greatness and the complexity of this project request a specific theoretical framework and an “empirical practice” looking for designing an adequate model while estimating the impact of the ERP setting-up on the whole company performance according to the controllers.

This Paper investigate the relationships between two of the main corporate governance components namely the Anti-Takeover Provisions (ATPs) as external component and Ownership Concentration as internal component and the short/long term performance of the Nikkei-listed Japanese cross-border acquirers during the last decade specifically from 2004 to the end of 2013. Market based metrics which is cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) were used to represent the short term performance and accounting based metric which is Return of Assets (ROA) were used to represent the long term performance. Based on 222 events, a quantitative method of events, study and regression analysis were employed to reveal the relationships. The study found a negative, weak and statistically not significant relationship between the ATPs and short/long term performance. The study also revealed that the relationship between ownership concentration and short/long term performance is almost negligible. These findings imply that the newly adopted corporate governance mechanism in Japan is still not as effective as in the other developed markets such as USA and might need more time to reap tangible results.