Psicología anormal y del comportamiento

Treatment of Neurodegeneration: Integrating Photobiomodulation and Neurofeedback in Alzheimerâ??s Dementia, Parkinsonâ??s and TBI. A Review and Directed Magnetic Energy as a Precursor

Abstract

Trent W Nichols1*, Marvin H. Berman2

Objective: The addition of Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Neurodegenerative diseases is a dual modality which is not only gaining traction but demonstrating it is safe, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory for treating neurodegeneration with photons that stimulate mitochondria increasing ATP and proteasomes increasing misfolded protein removal. Neurofeedback provides neural plasticity with increase in BDNF mRNA and the increase in dendrite production and density in the hippocampus coupled with overall growth in dendrites, density and neuronal survival. 

Background: Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and subsequently amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. PBM and NBF addresses the multiple gene expression and upregulation of multiple pathogenic pathways inflammation, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), mitochondrial disorders, insulin resistance, methylation defects,  regulation of neuroprotective factors and regional hypoperfusion of the brain. There is no human evidence to suggest a clinical therapeutic benefit from using consistent light sources while significantly increasing safety concerns.

Method: A PBM test with early to mid-Alzheimer's was reported in 2017 consisted of double blind, placebo-controlled trial in a small pilot group of early to mid- dementia subjects under IRB approved FDA Clinical Trial. Results: PBM Treated subjects showed active treatment subjects tended to show greater improvement in the functioning of the executive; clock drawing, immediate recall, practical memory, visual attention and task switching (Trails A&B).  A larger study using the Cerebrolite helmet in Temple Texas again of subjects in a double blind placebo controlled IRB approved FDA Clinical Trial is demonstrating not only gain in memory and cognition by increased clock drawing.

 Conclusion: Next generation trials with the Cognitolite for Parkinson’s disease subjects will incorporate the insights regarding significant bilateral occipital hypocoherence deficits gained from the QEEG analyses. When applying PBM to many biological systems, the pulsed wave (PW) mode was reported to be more effective than the continuous wave (CW) mode. Future applications will integrate non-invasive stimulation delivery including full-body and transcranial and infrared light with pulsed electromagnetic frequencies.